Varicose veins - This is the expansion of subcutaneous veins with a diameter of over 3 mm.Varicose veins develop due to the impairment of venous valves and weakness of the venous wall;At the same time, the flow of blood from the lower ends, an increase in pressure within the vein occurs, which can lead to chronic venous failure.
Sometimes, canvasctia and reticular veins are exchanged for open varicose.
These are veins with diameter 3 mm and less, do not affect the venous outflow, but cause a clear cosmetic defect.
What is the prevalence of varicose veins?
The varicose expansion of subcutaneous veins is present in 30 % of women and 15 % of men of mature age.The prevalence of the varicose veins of the lower ends increases considerably with age and is present in most people over the age of 60.The percentage of patients with trophic disorders in adulthood is only 1.8%, while old age the indicator reaches 20%.At the same time, every fifth patient in life is in front of thrombophlebitis.Among the reasons that lead to disability, the share of disabled forms of veins of the veins is more than arteries.
The main risk factors for the development of varicose veins are:
- elderly
- Female sex
- pregnancy
- Hormonal disorders
- Positive family history
Further risk factors:
- smoke
- Arterial hypertension
- constipation
Literature on further risk factors is contradictory.In addition, the risk of developing venous diseases is low.
How are varicose veins manifest?
The most frequent event is the non -uniform dilation veins that protrude over the surface.In some cases, they can be just evident or determined only by the touch, in others they take a tortuous form with the formation of nodes or apparently resemble a large group of grapes.
Often varicose veins are accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Sensation and tension in the legs
- Pain that pulls and/or sore along the veins
- Quick fatigue of the legs
- Itching of the skin of the legs
Varicosa disease rarely can cause restless leg syndrome and the night cramps of the legs.
What are the dangers of the progression of varicose veins?
In the absence of treatment, the progression of varicose veins can lead to chronic venous insufficiency (CVN).The presence of HVN indicates serious violations of the venous background return (classes of CEP C3-C6 classification), which include: chronic edema (lymphathema), change of skin color (hyperpigmentation), venous eczema, leather compaction, trophic venous ulcer.
What are the complications of varicose veins?
Thromboflebitis-the formation of a thrombus in a venous surface system is an event that is faced with 20% of patients with varicose veins.This thrombosis is accompanied by severe pain, redness of the skin, sealing along the vein on the lower part of the leg and/or thigh.In the absence of treatment, the thrombotic masses are possible for a deep venous system.
Deep vein thrombosis (TGV) - In most cases, the beginning of the process is asymptomatic.When thrombosis is spreading to the femoral segment and the vein of the pelvis, the main flow of blood from the lower ends is disturbed, which is accompanied by severe edema and pain syndrome and is considered a situation that threatens life.
Thromboembolism of lung arteries (canvases) - In 10% of cases, the thrombotic masses in the deep veins of the lower limbs are fragmented and migrated to the lung arteries with a bloodstream, causing deaths.
What is necessary for the correct diagnosis?
Given the variety of forms of diseases of the veins, every detail of the history of the development of the disease and the life of the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases, the transactions, the result of an external examination by a doctor and the most important thing is ultrasound, ultrasound, ultrasound, the dupletical ultrasound scan, it is important to make a correct diagnosis.The latter, today, is the most informative and non -invasive information method to study the veins of the lower limbs.
Treatment of varicose veins, the most common methods:
- Pharmacological veins have shown their effectiveness in reducing the symptoms of varicose veins, but are unable to eliminate varicose veins on their own.Pharmacotherapy is successfully used to prevent complications in risk groups, preoperative preparation and postoperative rehabilitation.
- Compression treatment - wear a special medical knitwear in the form of golf, socks, tights.In some cases, multilayer bandages are used with elastic bandages of various extensions and compression of hardware pneumo.The role of compression treatment is difficult to overcome, it is present in almost all phases of the prevention and treatment of chronic veins.
- Introduction to the light of the veins of the drugs that can cause its closure.This method is a standard Gold to eliminate reticular veins.It is successfully used in the treatment of varicose veins of not a large diameter and has restrictions in the elimination of the pathological blood flow of the main subcutaneous veins.
- Classic operation - Combined phlebectomy, in modern performance it is performed on an outpatient basis in spinal or local anesthesia.In some cases, this is the only feasible way in which the target veins are very convincing and/or have high extensions.However, the method is lower than the traumatic vascular traumatic procedures.
- Laser Endo Venosa prison - A method for the treatment of varicose veins, in which the vein is not removed, but is closed from the inside with the energy of laser radiation, which is brought directly into the wholesale ship with a fiber.The effectiveness of the procedure is comparable to the results of the surgical removal of the vein, at the same time, is characterized by a minimum trauma.The rehabilitation time is 1-3 days.
- Prison with radio frequency - A progressive way to eliminate the pathological blood flow of the subcutaneous veins of the trunk.This is a completely outpatient procedure performed under local anesthesia.The effectiveness of the treatment corresponds to the level of classical phlegmctomy, pain syndrome is minimal or absent.The rehabilitation time is 1-2 days.